Understanding Ulcerative Colitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

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Learn about Ulcerative Colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum. Explore its causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies to tackle this condition effectively. Discover essential information to enhance your knowledge and nursing practice in handling Ulcerative Colitis cases.

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ULCERATIVE COLITIS MR. DINESH SINGH P.G. NURSING TUTOR ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 1

OBJECTIVES Introduction of the Ulcerative Colitis. Define the Ulcerative Colitis. Explain the causes of Ulcerative Colitis. State the clinical manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis. Elaborate the diagnostic evaluation of Ulcerative Colitis. Discuss the management of Ulcerative Colitis. Describe the prevention of Ulcerative Colitis. 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 2

INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis is one of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that leads long lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) formation in GI tract. It affects the inner-most lining of large intestine (colon) and rectum; sometimes it can lead to life threatening complications. 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 3

DEFINITION It is an inflammation of colon. Which is usually starts from rectum and spreads to colon and slowly it involves intestinal membranes and all the layers of intestine (large) and cause ulcers 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 4

ETIOLOGY Stress Bacterial and viral infection Allergic Auto immune reaction 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 5

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Inflammationof rectal mucosa Swelling or ulcer formation Collection of fibrous tissue around the ulcer Due to scar, disturb absorption ability of mucosa 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 6

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Anorexia Melaena (Diarrhea with blood) Tenesmus (cramping pain in Weight loss stomach) Colicky pain Tachycardia Rectal bleeding Painful straining Vitamin K deficiency Low grade fever 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 7

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection Physical examination Stool examination Abdominal X-ray Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Blood test- Decrease Hb, RBS and Increase WBC, ESR CT Scan and MRI 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 8

MANAGEMENT Antidiarrheal Eg. Metronidazole, Tindazole Antiemetic Eg. Domperidone Antibacterial Eg. Ciprofloxacin, Sulfasalazine Corticosteroids (to reduce inflammation) Eg. Prednisone Immunomodular agents Eg. Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 9

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Proctosigmoidectomy Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch and anastomosis Ileostomy 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 10

COMPLICATIONS Hemorrhage Abscess formation Anal fistula Colon malignancy Malnutrition Anaemia 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 11

NURSING MANAGEMENT Discuss dietary modifications related to nutritional status and presence of ileostomy. Provide referral to dietitian for diet planning and teaching. Administer total parenteral nutrition as ordered. Administer anti-inflammatory medications as per Doctor ordered. Provide intravenous therapy. Provide opportunities for patient to deal with ostomy through participation in selfcare. 01-06-2025 ROHILKHAND COLLEGE OF NURSING 12