Understanding Valence Electrons and Bonding in Chemistry
Learn about valence electrons, the electrons available for bonding, and how to determine them using the periodic table. Explore the different groups of elements and their corresponding valence electrons. Valence electrons play a crucial role in chemical bonding and the formation of molecules.
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Presentation Transcript
Valence Electrons: ELECTRONS AVAILABLE FOR BONDING
Ga Standards Students know how to use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons available for bonding. Students know how to draw Lewis dot structures.
Definition Valence electrons are electrons in the outmost shell (energy level). They are the electrons available for bonding.
Group 1 (alkali metals) have 1 valence electron
Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) have 2 valence electrons
Group 13 elements have 3 valence electrons
Group 14 elements have 4 valence electrons
Group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons
Group 16 elements have 6 valence electrons
Group 17 (halogens) have 7 valence electrons
Group 18 (Noble gases) have 8 valence electrons, except helium, which has only 2
Transition metals (d block) have 1 or 2 valence electrons
Lanthanides and actinides ( f block) have 1 or 2 valence electrons
Dot Notations An atom s valence electrons can be represented by Lewis dot notations. 1 valence e- X 2 valence e- X 3 valence e- X 4 valence e- X 5 valence e- X 6 valence e- X 7 valence e- X 8 valence e- X
Dot Notations Period 2 Lewis dot notations for the valence electrons of the elements of Period 2. lithium Li beryllium Be boron B carbon C nitrogen N oxygen O fluorine F neon Ne
