Unit 1 People of Achievement
In this unit, students will learn to distinguish between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses, as well as how to introduce and express ideas using these clauses. Through examples featuring Tu Youyou, a renowned scientist, they will practice identifying and understanding the functions of different types of relative clauses.
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Unit 1 People of Achievement Discovering useful structures
Teaching objectives: By the end of this period, you will be able to 1. find out the differences in form and functions between restrictive relative clauses and non-restrictive relative clauses. 2. introduce a great person using non-restrictive relative clauses. 3. express their own ideas and opinions using non-restrictive relative clauses.
Lead in Q1. Can you find any relative clauses ? Underline them and name the types: the restrictive relative clauses or the nonrestrictive ones. Q2. Can you tell the differences in form between them ? Tu Youyou, who was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 Dec. 1930, was a committed and patient scientist. Based on a medical text which suggested using sweet wormwood to treat malaria, she and her team drew out the artemisinin, for which she was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physician or Medicine. Hundreds of thousands of lives are thought to be saved by Artemisinin, which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.
Lead in non-restrictive Tu Youyou, who was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 Dec. 1930, was a committed and patient scientist. Based on a medical text which suggested using sweet wormwood to treat malaria, she and her team drew out the artemisinin, for which She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physician or Medicine. Hundreds of thousands of lives are thought to be saved by Artemisinin, which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. restrictive non-restrictive non-restrictive
Observe and Analyse Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions. ( P5 Activity 1 ) 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. 2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours. 3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. that
Observe and AnalyseAnalyse the four sentences by filling in the following table. sentence type structure Part of speech in a sentence function antecedent ( ) 1 hundreds of Chinese medical treatments Describe and modify the kind of medical treatments they tested. Restrictive subject 2 the Nobel Prize Give extra information about Nobel Prize Non-restrictive subject 3 Hainan Give extra information about Hainan Non-restrictive adverbial 4 malaria patients Give extra information about the patients Non-restrictive object
Observe and AnalyseSummarize the differences between restrictive relative clauses and non- restrictive ones by filling in the following table. Restrictive relative clauses Non-restrictive relative clauses Aspect No comma(,) in front of the clause There is a comma(,) in front of the clause Form( ) Relative Function That is included. That is forbidden to use. A restrictive clause modifies the noun that precedes it in an essential way. Restrictive clauses limit or identify such nouns and cannot be removed from a sentence without changing the sentence s meaning. A nonrestrictive clause, describes a noun or a sentence in a nonessential way extra information, an explanation, or a comment on a noun or a sentence. giving
PracticeRewrite the sentences using non- restrictive relative clauses. (P5 Activity 2) Q1 Read the example, Can you summarize the steps to rewrite the sentences? Example: The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. S t e p s 1 find the repeating part; 2 replace it with a suitable relative( 3 replace the stop(.)with a comma (,) )
PracticeRewrite the sentences using non- restrictive relative clauses. (P5 Activity 2) Q2: Try to rewrite the following sentences using the steps. 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control. 4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. 5. The building under construction was designed by 1.M. Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect. he was born in Guangzhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me.
1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control. 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control.
4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot. 5. The building under construction was designed by 1.M. Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect. he was born in Guangzhou, China. The building under construction was designed by 1.M. Pei-a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me.
PracticeRewrite the sentences using non- restrictive relative clauses. (P5 Activity 2) Q3: How do the sentences flow differently In each case, there are two short sentences which sound separate to each other. By combining the two simple sentences together using non-restrictive relative clause, the sentence becomes more varied and has better flow.
PracticeDecide whether the sentences are right or wrong. Correct them where necessary. (Workbook P62 Activity 2) 1. Please write down these phrases, all of them will be useful in your writing. 2. As a consequence of sending in his application late, he did not get a patent for his invention, that was not surprising at all. 3. The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants, which have distinct medical properties. 4. The gentle old man is the only person, whom I can trust. 5. Have you done all what you can to help the people in need? 6. Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week? /that which which that that which
Language Use and Share Introduce a great person Write a few sentences about some great people with the information below. Use relative clauses. AND THEN Share and evaluate the writing with each other. Dr Sun Yat-sen's wife; one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history; devoted her life to improving the welfare of women and children The first man to land on the moon in July 1969; "That's a small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind. Came to China in World War ll; worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese people A leading figure of modern Chinese literature; Lu Xun Literary Prize-one of China's top four literary prizes, awarded every three years A girl dressed as a man; went to fight for her country; helped drive the English invaders out of France
Language Use and Share Introduce a great person Song Qingling, who was Dr Sun Yatsen's wife and one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history, devoted her life to improving the welfare of women and children. Neil Armstrong, who was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969, said, "That's a small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind." Norman Bethune, who came to China in World War II, worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese people. Lu Xun was a leading figure of modern Chinese literature. Lu Xun Literary Prize, which is one of China's top four literary prizes, is awarded every three years. Joan of Arc, who was a girl dressed as man, went to fight for her country. She helped drive the English invaders out of France.
Language Use and Share Express your ideas Complete the sentence using non-restrictive clauses to give extra information. Then share them with your group members. EXAMPLE I'd like to try...... l'd like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again, which seems to work best for my cough. 1. I would like to travel around ... 2. What impressed me most ... 3. My favourite scientist is ... 4. Finally we arrived at 5. My grandparents like ... 6. I wish to obtain... 7. My best friend...
Language Use and Share Express your ideas Suggested answers 1. I would like to travel around Sichuan Province, where Jiuzhaigou locates. 2. What impressed me most about the film was the ending, which was quite moving. 3. My favourite scientist is Nikola Tesla, who was quite brilliant but also had some crazy ideas. 4. Finally we arrived at the zoo, which was closed for repairs. 5. My grandparents like going for outings in spring, which is good for their health. 6. I wish to obtain a driving licence, which is necessary if you want to drive a car. 7. My best friend came to visit last week, which was the first time I had seen him in years.
I Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences. (P62 Activity1) who who whom whom whose whose when when in/of/for in/of/for which which which where where of of whom whom Answers 1. which 2. whom/who 3. when 4. whose 5. where/in which 6. of whom 7. in which/where 8. of which which 1.Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying. 2.Mr Smith,________ you spoke to, is our new professor. 3.Please come back at four o clock,___________ your herbal medicine will be ready. 4.What do you want to write about these people,________ stories I have just told you? 5.Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ________you can see the Mona Lisa on display? 6. There are 45 students in our class, out ______ ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course. 7. Her mother works in a company, _______ employees are all women. 8. It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both of ________ can help you with collection and evaluation.
II Fill in the blanks with a relative 1. 2020 In ancient China lived an artist, ______ paintings were almost lifelike. 2. 2020 Because the moon s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 3.(2019 II ) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield ______ she opened with her late husband Les. 4.(2018 ) Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 5.(2018 ) She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. Answers: 1.whose2.where 3.which 4.whose 5.which
Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses 1.The Hungarian shadow-dancer gave us a performance at 2014 Spring Festival gala. I fell in love with the amazing and wonderful performance. 2.They sent the elderly some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them. The elderly always feel lonely. 3.I'd like to attend the English lecture. I can get more information on British and American culture from the English lecture. 4.They showed us around the farm. We saw many beautiful flowers on the farm 5.The reason is not clear. He refused the invitation for the reason. 6.I've always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then.
Answers: 1. I fall in love with the wonderful performance that / which the Hungarian shadow-dancer gave us at 2014 Spring Festival gala. 2. They sent the elderly who always feel lonely some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them. 3. I'd like to attend the English lecture, from which I can get more information on British and American culture. 4. They showed us around the farm where we saw many beautiful flowers. 5. The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear. 6. I've always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent.
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