Universal Access to Knowledge Symposium & History of Encyclopedias Report

Universal Access to Knowledge Symposium featuring Raj Reddy, held at Carnegie Mellon University. Learn about the history of encyclopedias, from ancient Roman scholar Varro to the emergence of digital encyclopedias like Wikipedia. Explore the evolution of encyclopedias by size, including notable editions like Encyclopædia Britannica and Microsoft Encarta. Discover the collaborative nature of Wikipedia, a free-for-all platform where anyone can contribute, change, and delete articles. Dive into the most visited sites in the USA.

• Knowledge
• Symposium
• Encyclopedias
• Wikipedia
• History

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1. Universal Access to Knowledge Raj Reddy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 November 19, 2021 Indic Wiki Symposium

2. History of Encyclopedias Report to the President (2001): Universal Access to Knowledge, PITAC Report An Encyclopedia is an attempt to summarize all known knowledge of the world into a compact quickly accessible format Digital Encyclopedia s emerged on CDs in the 90s Open-source GNUpedia proposed by Stallman in 1999 Nupedia was an early attempt to use experts Wikipedia: Online Encyclopedia using Wiki Technology A wiki is a webpage/document with an open-editing system, a collaborative tool that allows students to contribute and modify one or more pages of course Wiki was introduced by Ward Cunningham in 1995 when he created collaborative software that he called WikiWikiWeb. Wiki is Hawaiian for to hurry; fast, quick. Marcus Terentius Varro, ancient Roman scholar and writer, whose Nine Books of Disciplines became a model for later encyclopedists https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_encyclopedias

3. Encyclopedias by Size Articles (thousands) (millions) 6,400+ Words Encyclopedia Edition Wikipedia Baike.com (formerly Hudong) (Chinese Wiki)Nov-09 Encyclop dia Britannica Encyclop dia Britannica Great Soviet Encyclopedia English 3,984+ 3,920+ 4,300+ 2013 40[13] 44 Online 120 55 21 1978 100 Encarta Deluxe 2002 Encarta Deluxe 2005** 2002 Encarta Encyclopedia 70 Microsoft Encarta 40 Microsoft Encarta 63 40 Microsoft Encarta 40 26 Encyclopedia Americana 2006 45[14] 25

4. History of Wikipedia Free for All Anyone can Add, Change, and/or Delete articles Wiki Collaborative Editing Tool Open Source Wikipedia began with its first edit on 15 January 2001, two days after the domain was registered[2]by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger Its technological and conceptual underpinnings predate this; The earliest known proposal for an online encyclopedia was made by Rick Gates in 1993,[3] And the concept of a free-as-in-freedom online encyclopedia (as distinct from mere open source)[4]was proposed by Richard Stallman in 1998.[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia

5. Most Visited Sites in USA

6. Most Visited Sites on the Internet Most popular websites worldwide as of June 2021, by total visits(in billions) Google 86.9 You Tube 22.8 Facebook 20.0 Wikipedia 13.4 Japan Yahoo 5.2 Amazon 4.4

8. No of Accesses Per Day English Wikipedia (1.3 B English Speakers: Native or as a second language) 9B in a month (Wikipedia access by English population: 83 times a year) 300 million per day 85.3M unique devices Hindi Wikipedia (Population 528M) 876 million per Year (Wikipedia accesses by Hindi population 1.7 times a year) ~2.5 M per day 17 M unique devices Telugu Wikipedia (Population 81M) 96 million per Year (Wikipedia accesses by Telugu population: 1.2 times a year) ~250K per day 1 M unique devices

9. No of Accesses Per Day by Country

10. Location of Wikipedia in Google Search Almost no 1 More detail ..

11. Indic Language Search in Google ???

12. Spoken Indic Language Search in Google ???

13. TTS in Indic Languages: Read the Page to Illiterates ???