Update on Throat Conditions & Cancer
This update discusses common ENT conditions, symptoms, examinations, red flag symptoms, and treatments for head and neck cancer. It emphasizes the importance of history and examination in ENT, providing insights to refine understanding of throat issues.
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Presentation Transcript
ENT and general practice a lump in my throat an update on voice, swallowing, globus & cancer The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Gerard Kelly MD MEd FRCS (ORL-HNS) FRCS (Ed) ENT surgeon, Leeds 6thMarch 2014, Leeds Masonic Hall
aims give an overview of common (EN)T conditions shows some example cases refine our thinking of ENT problems
objectives list the main symptoms in throat conditions relate each symptom to one condition list the ways to examine the head and neck identify an abnormal tonsil list 4 differential diagnosis for dysphonia name 3 treatments for head and neck cancer sequence steps in assessment of a throat patient
first though... history and examination in ENT
history ears noses throats otorrhoea otalgia itch hearing tinnitus balance nasal obstruction rhinorrhoea facial pain smell epistaxis post nasal drip dysphagia dysphonia odynophagia pain neck lumps weight loss
Throat- red flag symptoms dysphagia dysphonia odynophagia pain neck lumps weight loss
Throat- red flag symptoms dysphagia dysphonia odynophagia pain neck lumps weight loss food sticking, level to be heard not acute otalgia palpable noticed
head and neck cancer almost all squamous cell carcinomas
malignant head and neck disease treatment consists of treating the primary disease and treating metastatic disease metastatic disease is to the neck bone, Liver, Lung, Brain metastases are rare
malignant head and neck disease treatment is by radiotherapy, surgery or a combination of both
malignant head and neck disease head and neck cancer is squamous cell carcinoma
malignant head and neck disease squamous cell carcinomas are radiosensitive adenocarcinomas are NOT radiosensitive
malignant head and neck disease small tumours tend to be treated by radiotherapy large tumours by radical surgery and post operative radiotherapy
malignant head and neck disease small tumours tend to be treated by radiotherapy large tumours by radical surgery and post operative radiotherapy and most recently by chemoradiotherapy
malignant head and neck disease typical patient old, male, smoker and drinker
malignant head and neck disease typical patient old, male, smoker and drinker increasing in younger patients due to HPV infection
malignant head and neck disease typical patient old, male, smoker and drinker increasing in younger patients due to HPV infection - these patients can often be identified in GP
