Varicella Zoster Virus - Infection, Symptoms, and Management
Varicella Zoster Virus is a DNA herpes virus with a high infection rate transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. It causes symptoms like fever, rash, and can lead to complications like encephalitis and pneumonia. In pregnant women, it can result in pneumonia with a high mortality rate and congenital varicella syndrome if transmitted across the placenta. Management includes antiviral medications and immunoglobulins. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for effective control of the virus.
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Presentation Transcript
Morning tips Part III : Varicella Zoster
Varicella Zoster Virus DNA Herpes virus Infection rate 60-90% Respiratory droplet, close contact Life long immunity but Reactivation Incidence 0.4-0.7 per 1000 pregnant women Decrease 82% from 2000 to 2010 due to varicella vaccine
Clinical Fever, malaise Maculopapular pruritic rash vesicular Encephalitis, pneumonia 10-20% of infected pregnant : pneumonia mortality rate 40%
Congenital Varicella Syndrome Transmitted across placenta 1sttrimester 0.4% 2ndtrimester 2% Characteristic Skin scarring Limb hypoplasia Chorioretinitis Microcephaly
Investigations Clinical : Lab is not needed! Preconception or 1stvisit documented Previous infection Vaccination Delay conception 3 months No role of termination of pregnancy Varicella IgG serology
Management Oral acyclovir Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) Intravenous acyclovir
Management Oral acyclovir Maternal infection (within 24 hours of developing the rash) Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) Infants born to women who develop varicella between 5 days before and 2 days after delivery Maternal : no immune but exposed to someone with active primary infection : within 96 hours Intravenous acyclovir Infants who develop varicella within the first 2 weeks of life
