Visionary WWRF Contributions in Wireless Technology Advancements

WWRF Connected Vehicle WG Update Presented By WWRF VIP CV WG Chair Dr. Seshadri Mohan, Professor, University of Arkansas at Little Rock at ITU-CITS Meeting, September 22, 2023

WWRF Role and principles of operation Global Open to all Covers every platform Not standards body research funding body A typical research conference Based on membership All can attend meetings and make contributions Develop future vision of the wireless world Inform and educate on trends and developments Enable and facilitate the translation of the vision into reality Bring a wide range of parties together to identify and overcome significant roadblocks to the vision

Membership Africa Manufacturer Americas Network operator Asia Industry organization Europe Academic institute

How does WWRF work? Hold two meeting per year as well as the WWRF 5G Huddle and other special and invited sessions Take input from our members and meeting participants Put the results together and bring out a vision of the future research challenges Promote the vision through publication and working with global and regional partners

What is WWRF? Founded in 2001 Through WSI, an EU-funded research landscaping project Based in Switzerland Independent and owned by its members Promoting visions of the wireless future

WWRF outputs WWRF Outlook published version of White Paper WWRF Library proceedings of each meeting WWRF Wiley and River book series http://www.wiley-vch.de/books/tis/cover/0470779357.jpg

Outlooks to look out for WWRF Outlook WWRF Outlook 24 - Artificial Intelligence in the Wireless Arena WWRF Outlook 25 - Connected vehicles (2019); revised 2021 In development 5G business models 5G and the water industry Millennial users in a 5G context Cybersecurity challenges in the Wireless World Ehealth enabled by 5G and machine learning Network slicing High speed rail services and 5G Thz communications and system architectures 6G/Beyond 5G AI/ML-enabled Connected Vehicles

WWRF Overview Develop future vision of the wireless world Enable and facilitate the translation of the vision into reality Bring a wide range of parties together to identify and overcome significant roadblocks to the vision Inform and educate on trends and developments Global operation Covers every technical field of wireless communications and mobile networking Open to all Based on membership 60 member organizations

VIP CV WG: The Connected Vehicle Scope The VIP CV WG focuses on research that looks five to ten years ahead in order to meet the requirements of the automotive and transport industries based on the next generation wireless technology. It also is aimed at the identification of use cases for these industries.

Summary of VIP CV Activities A second white paper on connected vehicles is underway on the topic of AI/Machine Learning Based Connected Vehicles in the Era of 5G, 6G, and Beyond. Members of WWRF CV VIP working group have contributed to develop the white paper. Connected Vehicles Sessions were organized at the following meetings; an update was provided at CITS March meeting regarding the first four activities: In conjunction with WWRF 5G Huddle in Ottawa, Canada, May 12, 2022 As part of WWRF 47 in Bristol, UK, during June 21-23, 2022 As part of WWRF 48 in Abu Dhabi, UAE, November 7-9, 2022 A workshop on connected vehicles as part of 2022 IEEE ANTS WWRF 6G Huddle in Singapore,

WWRF VIP CV WG ACTIVITIES A special issue of Wireless Personal Communications journal is scheduled for publication in the last quarter consisting of selected papers from IEEE ANTS 2022. A proposal is being developed for a third white paper on connected vehicles concerning the impact of 6G on Connected Vehicles A Connected Vehicles panel was organized, partially sponsored by WWRF, on December 20, 2022 at 2022 IEEE ANTS.

WWRF 49 VIP CV Panel on AI/ML-assisted connected and autonomous vehicles for 6G and beyond, March 28, PUT, Poznan PANEL CHAIR: Seshadri Mohan, Professor, UA Little Rock, USA Pradipta Biswas, Associate Professor, IISc Bangalore, India Merouane Debbah, Professor, Chief Researcher AI and Digital Science Research Center (AIDRC), Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi Ravi Puvvala, Vice President of Strategic Partnerships, Harman International; founder and CEO of Savari Bhavani Shankar, Research Scientist at SnT, University of Luxembourg. Sachin Sharma, Professor, Associate Dean, International Affairs, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India

WWRF49 VIP CV Contributed Papers The following three contributed papers were presented: Evangelos Bazinas, Michael Georgiades V2X communication coverage analysis for Connected Vehicles in intelligent transportation networks: A case study for the city of Xanthi,Greece Lene S rensen et al. Data & Data Exchange in Connected VehiclesSpeaker Yujie Qin, Mustafa A. Kishk, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini On the Downlink SINR Meta Distribution of UAV-assisted Wireless Networks

VIP CV Workshop at WWRF 6G Huddle, May 8, Singapore AI/ML-ENABLED CONNECTED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES IN THE ERA OF 6G AND BEYOND 10 am - 10:10 am - Introductory Remarks - Seshadri Mohan 10:10 am - 10:40 am - Dr. Ebtesam Almazrouei - AI and 6G: Challenges and Opportunities for Wireless Networks and Autonomous Industries 10:40 - 11:10 - Niels de Boer Managing safety of AV functionality in an environment of AI interacting with human behavior 11: 10 am - 11:40 am - Jinling Hu CAV empowered by intelligence & connectivity 11:40 am - 12 Noon - Coffee Break 12:00 Noon - 12:30 pm - Dr. Malika Meghjani Autonomous Mobility-on- Demand in Mixed Traffic Environments 12:30 PM - 1:00 PM - Panel Discussion

Key Points From the Talks and Panel Discussion Attendance 25 TO 30 People Four presentations followed by a panel discussion The talks began with Ebtesam Almazrouei, TTI, who provided a well-rounded broad applications of AI/ML in a wide variety of fields including CAV as well as sustainability; Neils de Bohr, Nanyang Tehnological University, delivered a talk on AI/ML testing for CAV and its implementation of in a complex environment and the difficulties involved while AI/ML-based CAV interacts with human behavior;

Key Points From the Talks and Panel Discussion Jinling HU, Chief Expert at CICT Connected and Intelligent Technologies Co., Ltd (CICTCI), delivered a talk on the ongoing standardization in 3GPP for communication and AI technologies for CAV; and, lastly, Malika Meghjani, SUTD, presented a talk on AI/ML algorithms for CAV, including drones, in ground, above water, and below water applications; the talk also touched upon mixed traffic involving both CAVs and vehicles driven by humans.

Key Points From the Talks and Panel Discussion What does 6G offer to enable CAV that 5G does not offer? In view of potential dangers that AI/ML could be put to wrongful purposes by miscreants, how to design responsible AI/ML for CAV? Two different views were expressed regarding how well AI/ML is understood and implemented in CAVs. One view was that a quite accurate implementation could be carried out and another view was that it is not well understood and not all possible circumstances could be taken into account that may arise with autonomous driverless vehicles. Challenges encountered in mixed traffic environments traffic due to CAVs and vehicular traffic generated by human drivers

Key Points From the Talks and Panel Discussion Testing challenges to ensure reliability and deployment challenges encountered in real-time traffic environments where CAVs and human drivers are on the road. Discussion on the need for the development of policies and legislation involving lawmakers, ethics, and time of availability of technology for fully autonomous vehicles. The general impression is that we are far away from the operational introduction of fully autonomous vehicles (more than 20 years) and there are still many pending ethical and legal issues to be solved. It is a complex socio- economic issue.

Future CV Activities A CV PANEL is planned for December 19, 2023 at IEEE ANTS, Jaipur, India. CV sessions at WWRF 50 and WWRF 51, both in 2024.

Contact Dr. Nigel Jefferies, Chair WWRF, chair@wwrf.ch Prof. Seshadri Mohan, UA Little Rock, sxmohan@ualr.edu