YAAR.DOU.SPOR.B.L.MLER.FAK.LTES.ANTREN.RL.K.E.T.M./.L.SANS.ANE378-.SE.MEL.9.(TAEKWONDO.E.T.M.).
In-depth guide to Taekwondo training and techniques including blocks for defense against direct attacks. Learn how to execute outer arm blocks and reverse outer arm blocks effectively. The content showcases images for visual reference, offering step-by-step instructions for practitioners to improve their skills and techniques.
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SSC SSC- -509 509 Soil, Water and Air Soil, Water and Air P Pollution ollution Amitava Amitava Rakshit Rakshit Email: amitavar@bhu.ac.in Twitter: @AmitavaRakshit3 LinkedIn: Email: amitavar@bhu.ac.in Twitter: @AmitavaRakshit3 LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/dr linkedin.com/in/dr- -amitava amitava- -rakshit rakshit- -77799ab 77799ab
Pollutant/contaminant crosses the safety limit Posses threat to organism/human beings Safety limit vary Country wise (BIS, EU, EPA), Organization wise (ICMA, ICAR, CGWDB, FAO) MRL (maximum residue level) fixed for each pesticide foe each food/food produce and these are country/region specific In India MRL fixed by Central Codex Committee under Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (1954) and rule (1955), MOHFW, GOI.
Soil quality guidelines for safe limits of some heavy metal in soil as per BIS vis- -vis EU Soil (mg Kg Soil (mg Kg- -1 1) ) Cd Cd Cu Cu Pb Pb Zn Zn Ni Ni Indian Standard Indian Standard 3-6 135-270 250-500 300-600 75-150 EU Standard EU Standard 3 140 300 300 75
Soil Remediation strategies Soil Remediation strategies Post Post- -contamination contamination Pre Pre- -contamination contamination Type of application Type of application Place of application Place of application Ex- - situ Ex situ In In- -situ situ Thermal measures i) Incineration ii)Thermal desoption iii) Vitrification Thermal measures Biological measures i) Natural attenuation ii) Bioaugmentation iii) Biostimulation iv) Biopiles v) Land farming vi) Bio-airsparging vii) Bioventing viii) Biosurfectants ix) Phytoremediation -Phytostablization - Phytofilteration - Phytovolatization - Phytoextraction Biological measures Physico Physico- -chemical measures chemical measures i) Soil vapour extract ii) Air sparging iii) Dehalogenation iv) Soil flushing/ washing v)Immobilization/ Stablization vi) Oxidative coupled with UV radiation vii)Electrokinetic techniques viii) Plasma technique ix) Supercritical extraction
Pre Pre- -contamination strategies contamination strategies Regular monitoring and analysis Awareness in public/private sector Good disposal practices Guidelines/safety stds Post Post- -contamination strategies contamination strategies Practices followed once pollution/ contamination is found In-situ remediation- Measures in the original site/ no excavation, transportation (limited in use when contamination due to hazardous compound, complicated, complicated soil profile) Ex-situ remediation strategy- high efficiency
Soil vapor extraction: vadosa zone) Volatilization of compounds Filtration/ purification of vapor Pump them out (VOC s; SVOC s; PCB s) Soil vapor extraction: Air injection( A source of vacuum applied to Air hydrocarbon to vapor Pump them out ( C3 C10 compounds) Air Sparging Sparging: : Air injection to saturated zone Transfer dissolved Dehalogenation Dehalogenation: : KOH/NAOH + NaX + HOH X Toxin Less Toxin
Soil Flushing/ Soil washing - Applicable for in situ/ ex situ - Applicable for organic + inorganic - Removal of contaminants (metals, radioactive toxicants) by dissolution/ suspension in water/ water based solution. - Surfactants increase efficiency Soil Flushing/ Soil washing Immobilization/ Stabilization - Work on the principle of sorption - Suitable for broad spectrum - Relatively inexpensive - Agricultural waste/ residue/ by products/ inorganic/ organic pollutants/ inorganic amendments/ waste/ by products employed this purpose Immobilization/ Stabilization Oxidative coupled with UV radiation (Ozone/Fenton s reagent) - Contaminants Degraded product Oxidation UV radiation -Effective for PCB s, PAH s and organo pollutants Oxidative coupled with UV radiation
Soil Pollution: Origin, Monitoring & Remediation by Ibrahim A. Mirsal Fundamentals of Soil Science (ISSS)
