Adrenal Androgens and Their Role
This content delves into the fascinating world of adrenal androgens, exploring their production, functions, and impact on both males and females. From the adrenal cortex to the effects of androgens on growth, development, and hormonal balance, this comprehensive guide sheds light on the intricate mechanisms at play within the endocrine system.
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Presentation Transcript
ENDOCRINOLOGY The AdrenalGland Adrenal Androgens Dr. AbeerAl-Ghumlas
The AdrenalGland (Cortisol) Mineralocortico ( )
Androgens Androgens are the hormones that exertmasculinizing effects and they promote anabolism andgrowth. Testosterone (Testis) adrenal androgens (Adrenal Gland) the major activeandrogen have less than 20% of testosterone activity.
Adrenal cortex Female sex hormones Male sex hormones (Androgens) Estrogens Adrenal androgens includes : - dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), - Androstenedione. Progesterone The adrenal cortex in both sexes producessmall amounts of sex hormone of the opposite sex.
adrenal androgens (Adrenal Gland) ProducedfromZonareticularisinsmallamounts Control of secretion of adrenal androgens is by ACTH dehydroepiandosterone(DHEA): It is the most abundant adrenalandrogen DHEAistheprimaryprecursorofnaturalestrogens. Normally they exert very little masculinizing effect (weak) whensecretedinnormalamount(mildeffectinfemale). Androstenedione: An androgenicsteroidproduced bythetestes,adrenalcortex, andovaries Androstenediones are converted metabolically to testosterone and to estrogens in the fatand other peripheral tissues. It is an important source of estrogen in men and postmenopausal women. Androstenedione were used as an athletic or body building supplement.
Role of Androgens Males Females growth axillary hair. of pubic and Spermatogenesis Inhibition of fat deposition Muscle mass Androgen Brain: have the regulation aggression human libido. masculinization pubertal development growth spurt levels been implicated in of Androgens have potential roles in relaxation the myometrium preventing premature contractions in pregnancy and of of the fetus and uterine developing (including scrotum formation). male penis
Adrenogenitalsyndrom Excessive adrenal androgens secretion Cause: Adrenocortical tumors Congenital adrenal hyperplasia inherited as autosomal recessive diseases affect both boys andgirls. Due to deficiency of one of the enzymes of the cortisol synthesis (21-hydroxylase) and steroids are 'diverted' to becoming androgens. Lead to increase ACTH leading to excessive production of adrenalandrogens Tt: glucocorticoids
Adrenogenitalsyndrom Excessive adrenal androgenssecretion Before birth After birth Male Female Psudohermaphrodite
Adrenogenitalsyndrom Before birth (female) After birth (Male) After birth (Female) Virilization Development of male characters in females: Increase bulk of muscles Hoarseness Increase body hair Increase facial hair Atrophy of the breast Amenorrhea Psudohermaphroditism: Before 12 weeks in female fetus XX true female with external male genitalia Cause: exposure of the mother to excessive androgens Precocious puberty Early appearance of male characters Increase musculature Development of external genitalia organ to adult size No spermatogenesis
AdrenogenitalSyndrome Adrenocorticaltumorsecretesexcessivequantitiesofandrogensthatcause intense masculinizing effects throughout thebody. In afemale: shedevelopsvirilecharacteristics,including:growthofabeard,amuchdeeper voice,occasionallybaldness,masculinedistributionofhaironthebody. Inprepubertalmale:avirilizingadrenaltumorcausesthesamecharacteristics asinthefemaleplusrapiddevelopmentofthemalesexualorgan. Intheadultmale:thevirilizingcharacteristicsofadrenogenitalsyndromeare usually obscured by the normal virilizing characteristics of the testosterone secreted by thetestes. Itisoftendifficulttomakeadiagnosis. However,theexcretionof17-ketosteroids (derivedfromandrogens)inurine maybe10to15timesnormal,usedindiagnosingthedisease.
