Incidental Learning of Confix in BIPA Students: A Study

From Reading to Writing: Incidental Learning of Confix among BIPA Students at INCULS Emma Natasha Octoveria Sailal Arimi

BIPA In the curriculum of the Indonesian language program for foreign Indonesian language program for foreign speakers (BIPA), speakers (BIPA), BIPA students are expected to learn both receptive (i.e., listening and reading listening and reading) and productive (i.e., writing and speaking while sharpening their grammar grammar and vocabulary writing and speaking) skills vocabulary along the way. BIPA students writing BIPA students writing results can be used as an indicator of their comprehension of both grammar skills and vocabulary adoption. grammar skills and vocabulary adoption.

Incidental Learning Incidental learning is an implicit and unintentional process implicit and unintentional process through which learners acquire vocabulary acquire vocabulary through language contexts contexts (Hulstijn, 2001) It is essential to investigate how to use reading and writing tasks to promote incidental vocabulary learning incidental vocabulary learning because vocabulary learning cannot solely depend on intentional learning; it also needs to be expanded by incidental learning, where learners' primary focus is on the incidental learning, where learners' primary focus is on the message message (Nation, 2005).

From Reading to Writing Titian Bahasa Madya 2 by INCULS Titian Bahasa Madya 2 by INCULS is a course book on Indonesian as a second language (referred to as BIPA) for intermediate level students Affixation Affixation is the addition of a bound morpheme either before or after the stem or root to create a new word (Ballard, 2001). Through this course book, only one type of affixation is taught, which is the use of me-i with locative meaning. This affixation process is classified as inflectional affixation inflectional affixation, since it does not change the word class of verb. Another inflectional affixation that is widely used in sentences, but rarely discussed, is me me- -kan kan confix confix, such as menunjukkan and menyiapkan menyiapkan (me + siap + (me + siap + kan kan) ) menunjukkan (me + (me + tunjuk tunjuk + + kan kan) )

Hypotheses H0: the use of me-kan confix in BIPA course book reading materials does not correlate does not correlate with its use in BIPA students writing test result. H1: the use of me-kan confix in BIPA course book reading materials correlates correlates with its use in BIPA students writing test results.

Research Question 1. How is me-kan confix used in BIPA course book and BIPA students writing test result? 2. Does the use of me-kan confix in BIPA course book reading materials correlate with its use in BIPA students writing test result?

Theoretical Framework Indonesian Affixation Indonesian Affixation by Alwi, H., Dardjowidjojo, S., Lapoliwa, H., & Moeliono, A. M. in Tata bahasa baku Bahasa Indonesia (2003) Intentional and incidental second language vocabulary learning Intentional and incidental second language vocabulary learning by Jan H. Hulstijn in Cognition and second language instruction (2001)

Data Collection Method Extracting reading materials from Titian Bahasa Madya 2 by INCULS Titian Bahasa Madya 2 course book Collecting writing test result of intermediate level BIPA students at INCULS UGM INCULS UGM BIPA students at Generating wordlist from BIPA students writing test result wordlist from BIPA students writing test result and wordlist from reading materials in the course book reading materials in the course book using WordSmith wordlist 4.0 tool WordSmith 4.0 tool

Data Analysis Method Finding identical BIPA course book reading materials identical words words between BIPA students writing test result and Narrowing the data down to only include include the the use use of of me me- -kan kan confix confix Performing a hypothesis confix in BIPA course book reading materials correlate with its use in BIPA students writing test result using Pearson Pearson correlation hypothesis testing testing to test whether the exposure of me-kan correlation coefficient coefficient The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is the way of measuring the strength strength and and direction direction of of the the relationship relationship between between two two variables variables

Findings There are 988 988 distinct distinct words words in BIPA BIPA students students writing writing test test result result There are 1234 1234 distinct words distinct words in BIPA course book reading materials BIPA course book reading materials There are 373 identical words 373 identical words between BIPA students writing test result and BIPA course book reading materials

Findings There are 9 identical BIPA course book reading materials and BIPA students writing test result 9 identical me me- -kan kan confix confix in The hypothesis testing was performed to answer whether the exposure me-kan confix correlates with its use in BIPA students writing test result exposure of use

Findings X denotes the controlling variable controlling variable (me-kan confix in BIPA course book course book) Y denotes the controlled variable controlled variable (me-kan confix in BIPA students writing students writing test test result) r(7) = .39, p = .29. Although technically a positive correlation technically a positive correlation between the exposure of me-kan confix in BIPA course book with its use in students writing test result, the relationship between these variables is weak weak

Discussion This research discovered a positive correlation between the exposure of me-kan confix in Titian Bahasa Madya 2 Titian Bahasa Madya 2 by INCULS course book and the use of me-kan confix in BIPA students writing test result, with a p p- -value of .29 of .29, consistent with the alternative hypothesis (H1) alternative hypothesis (H1) value BIPA students may have learned about may have learned about me their course book s reading materials, since this linguistic feature is not formally discussed during their study. me- -kan kan confix confix through its use in

Conclusion It can be said that the exposure of certain linguistic features in reading the exposure of certain linguistic features in reading materials of a course book materials of a course book may may evoke an incidental learning among evoke an incidental learning among students students The finding of this study is not the Pearson r value in this finding is considered as weak not to be regarded as definite factor definite factor, since weak