Multi-Layered View of Chemical Engineering
Chemical engineering involves the application of science, mathematics, and economics to convert raw materials into sustainable forms. Chemical engineers work with unit operations for synthesis and separation, applying principles of conservation, thermodynamics, and kinetics to solve process-related challenges. This field plays a crucial role in various industries, contributing to sustainable product-process engineering and societal development.
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A multi A multi- -layered view of chemical engineering layered view of chemical engineering Rafiqul Gani* CAPEC KT Consortium Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark *College of Control Science & Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China rag@kt.dtu.dk http://www.pseforspeed.com/ Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design
What is chemical engineering? Chemical engineering is the application of science, mathematics and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more sustainable forms. The terms economics & sustainability are very important here. Sustainability Energy Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 2 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
What chemical engineers do? Highlights Highlights Work with unit operations for purposes of chemical synthesis and/or separation (chemical reaction, mass-, heat- and momentum- transfer operations) Apply physical laws of conservation of mass, energy and momentum Apply principles of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and transport phenomena Solve problems design & operate processes More than just process engineering applies chemical knowledge to create better materials and products that are useful to our modern society Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 3 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
A multi-layered view of ChE: Core Core layer Core of chemical & biochemical engineering deals with conversion of raw materials to useful products; finding the optimal synthesis routes and operating the processes for their designed applications, and through the use of science, mathematics, economics, . Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 4 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Where did this get us? We are the master of the planet earth . . . . . . . . Nutrition http://www.sciencecartoonsplus.com/gallery/darwin/sharris_darwin44.gif Fertilizers Electronics Communications, Entertainment Vitamins Fuel Mobility Pharmaceuticals Plastics Colorants and coatings Healthcare Detergents Clothing Housing Positive contribution to the development of our society Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 5 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Classification of the key products key products in ChE Commodities Molecules Microstructures Cost- Manufacturing Speed- Selection Key Function-Need Basis Unit Ops Chemistry Microstructure Risk Feedstock Discovery Science Traditional ChE: Convert resources to commodities? Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 6 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
The future is unclear! Risky feedstock Risky feedstock Resources Resources ChE Fight for survival! Adopted from Cussler (2011) Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 7 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Classification of the key products key products in ChE Commodities Single Species Multi Species Cost- Manufacturing Speed- Selection Key Function-Need Basis Unit Ops Chemistry Microstructure Risk Feedstock Discovery Science ChE is extending to design of single species products Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 8 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
For single species products, s selection 46 Kilos = $800 M election is key Adopted from Cussler (2011) Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 9 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Classification of the key products key products in ChE Commodities Single Species Multi Species Cost- Manufacturing Speed- Selection Key Function-Need Basis Unit Ops Chemistry Microstructure Risk Feedstock Discovery Science ChE is also extending to design of multi species products Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 10 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
For multi species products, need need is the key Jet-fuel blend yolo_paints Gasoline blend Liquid formulations & emulsions Scientifically specified Consumer reactions Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 11 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Role & scope of ChE 1. What is the role of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering in commodity industry vs. new emerging technologies? Value preservation vs. Value creation 2. What is the future scope for fundamental contributions in Chemical & Bio-Chemical Engineering ? Engineering vs. Science 3. What are the major real world challenges Globalization-Environment (energy, water, health, food) Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 12 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
A multi-layered view of ChE: Interface Interface layer The core, however, needs to be supplemented by appropriate levels of science and engineering to find sustainable and innovative solutions. Sustainable and innovative solutions can be found through an appropriate mix of science-engineering Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 13 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Current & future challenges Sustainability Issues: Current and future survival World population is expected to reach 11 billions by 2050 Increase in water, energy & commodities demand Global GDP growth over next ~50 years (in constant dollars) Production capacity for most commodities (steel, chemicals, lumber, etc.) 6-7 x 5-6 x 3.5 x Energy demand 7 x Electricity demand Increase Water demand GHG emissions Increase Adopted from Siirola, PSE-2012 Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 14 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Is our future sustainable? The challenge challenge facing us Convert resources to products Use energy, water, . Environmental Impacts (GWP, OD, HTTP, ) Produce waste Only 25% converted; must be > 40% (Driolli 2007) Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 15 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
http://www.sciencecartoonsplus.com/gallery/darwin/sharris_darwin44.gifhttp://www.sciencecartoonsplus.com/gallery/darwin/sharris_darwin44.gif Our position as the master of planet earth? Not threatened but our survival maybe is threatened unless we do something! Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 16 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
A multi-layered view of ChE: Connecting Connecting layer The overall objectives are to serve the society through educating the necessary engineers who can apply their education-training for industrial development taking advantage of the opportunities available and addressing the challenges being faced Grand challenges-opportunities Sustainable solutions (water, energy, resources) Operation/Design (production) Engineering Education Science Products (needs) Raw Materials (resources) Society Processing Routes (reaction; separation; mixing; heating-cooling; etc.) Innovative solutions (process, product) Application (industrial development) Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 17 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Click to edit Master title style What to make and how to make? Questions: what, why & when? Zhang, Babi & Gani, Annual Rev of Chem & Biomedical Eng, 2016 Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 18 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Need for integrated multidisciplinary approach System under study REALITY Solution approaches Experiments Optimized design? Integrated modeling, experiments and synthesis Ability to find predictive- innovative and more sustainable solutions Verify theoretical solutions Provide realistic model parameters Guidance and insights for experiments VIRTUAL REALITY Optimized design? Model system Simulations Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 19 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Can the current methods, tools technologies deliver? Well-known PSE tools: ASPEN, gPROMS, HYSIS, PROII, ChemCad, .(design, optimization, control, plan-schedule operations, ) Can our current methods and tools solve the problems of our interest? Or, do we need a new class of software tools that promote innovation? Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 20 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Need for innovation in process-product design How to find new and significantly better unit operations? Methanol + Acetic Acid = Methyl Acetate + Water Eastman Chemicals Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 21 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Development of ChE new directions Unique opportunities and formidable challenges Probe the frontiers of technological innovations to bring New categories of abundant resources Substitute and/or improve resources that become scarce Deliver sustainable solutions (energy, water, food ) Contribute to staving off disasters (global climate change, a viral pandemic, oil spills, ) 3rd Paradigm (Integration of process-product-phenomena) Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 22 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Necessary shift in education - 1 1. Need to keep core Chemical Engineering Knowledge; Need to emphasize fundamentals: basis is life-long learning 2. Need to modernize curriculum and add flexibility Increase exposure at molecular level Increase exposure to energy (alternative/renewable) and sustainability issues Expose students to new process technology Introduce product design as complement of process design Emphasize process operations, enterprise planning Increase link to other industrial sectors (pharma, electronics) Adopted from Grossmann 2014 Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 23 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Necessary shift in education - 2 3. Need to recognize that bio-area & nano-area will be important but not dominant force in Chemical Engineering 4. Environmental Engineering increasingly important and requires chemical engineering (water use efficiency, pollution control, chemical substitution, ) : Civil Eng. ownership? 5. Need closer interaction with industry; otherwise risk being irrelevant 6. Need to provide excitement to recruit the very best young people to join Chemical Engineering Adopted from Grossmann 2014 Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 24 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Are we now entering a golden age for ChE? Adopted from Phil Westmoreland s* 5 reasons Manufacturing s shift to emphasize processes and properties (smart manufacturing) New abundance of hydrocarbon resources in USA, China & other locations (a game changer) Biology s turning into a molecular science (multi-disciplinary) Computing, evolved into a cyberinfrastructure (knowledge and data management big data) ChEs breadth and problem-solving approaches (contribute to the society) * President of the AIChE, 2013 Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 25 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Conclusions & future directions ChE s positive contribution to the modern society through P3I Need to adapt to the needs of the modern society (questions of energy, water, environment, sustainability, responsibility, ... should be incorporated in the study) Courses need to adopt (introduction of new ideas, new methods, new tools, ....) Balance between engineering-science; commodity-value added; core-new need to be found (different solutions are possible) Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 26 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Conclusions & future directions Barcelona Declaration, 2017 An increasing world population, in a world of finite natural resources, requires ever more innovative engineering to solve problems and produce new and better products with a negligible environmental footprint. Chemical engineering and related sciences and technologies must play a key role in meeting future societal needs. We, as chemical and biochemical engineers, need to renew our commitment to use our skills to improve the quality of life, foster employment, advance economic and social development and protect the planet through sustainable development. Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 27 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
Conclusions & future directions Barcelona Declaration, 2017 We should agree to: Promote research and development as a fundamental pillar and encourage technology development to achieve a planet able to sustain a growing population, while improving quality of life. Facilitate global dissemination of chemical and biochemical engineering technical knowledge and industrial best practices, striving to bring together academia and industry worldwide. Promote conservation and care of global resources, health, safety, and the environment. Promote the highest standards of professional ethics and conduct for chemical engineers worldwide, to safeguard the public. Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 28 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
ChE is a problem solver not a problem creator! Chemical engineer If I change one molecule of this useless & polluting product, we can make an excellent hair-spray! Sustainable Product-Process Engineering, Evaluation & Design 29 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017
