Primary Health Care and Its Significance in Health Management
Explore the evolution and principles of primary health care, starting from historical declarations like Tubingen I & II to the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978. Learn how primary health care aims to meet people's health needs comprehensively and strategically prioritize key health care services, empowering individuals and communities to optimize their health.
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Presentation Transcript
International Health Care Management Part 1.3.2 Steffen Fle a Institute of Health Care Management University of Greifswald 1
1.3 Concepts 1 International Public Health 1.1 Background 1.2 Health and Development 1.3 Concepts 1.3.1 Prevention 1.3.2 Primary Health Care 1.3.3 Health Promotion 1.3.4 Recent Developments 2
1.3.2 Primary Health Care Background: Declarations of Tuebingen Tubingen I (19.-24. May 1964) and Tubingen II (1.-8. September 1967) Christian health care work is holistic; purely physical healing is contradicting with the Biblical understanding of human beings Christian health care work should involve many members of the Christian community, not only professional nurses and physicians Christian health care work should be preventive Christian health care work cannot be separated from other development work, i.e., medicine work, nutrition, agriculture and community development should be integrated 3
Primary Health Care Declaration of Alma Ata 6.-12. September 1978 Overview: Primary Health Care as a concept Community Based Health Care as a method Comprehensive and Selective Primary Health Care 4
Definition Primary health care: meeting people s health needs through comprehensive promotive, protective, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative care throughout the life course, strategically prioritizing key health care services aimed at individuals and families through primary care and the population through public health functions as the central elements of integrated health services; systematically addressing the broader determinants of health (including social, economic, environmental, as well as people s characteristics and behaviours) through evidence-informed public policies and actions across all sectors; and empowering individuals, families, and communities to optimize their health, as advocates for policies that promote and protect health and well-being, as co-developers of health and social services, and as self-carers and care-givers to others. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/primary-health-care 5
Principles Accessibility or making sure that primary care services are available, affordable and provided equally to all individuals irrespective of their gender, age, ethnicity or location Public or community participation or involving all of community s resources in promoting health and addressing health problems at the grass roots level Health promotion or helping a community to strengthen the socioeconomic conditions that contribute to good health Appropriate use of technology or using medical technologies that are affordable, feasible and culturally acceptable to individuals and the community Intersectoral collaboration or recognizing that any community s health and well-being doesn t depend solely on effective health care services. Governments, businesses and organizations in other sectors are equally important in promoting the health and self- reliance of communities 6 https://www.von.ca/en/principles-primary-health-care
Elements 1. Health education on prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them 2. Nutritional promotion including food supply 3. Supply of adequate safe water and sanitation 4. Maternal and child health care 5. Immunization against major infectious diseases 6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases 7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries 8. Provision of essential drugs 7
Community Based Health Care PHC always refers to the community while determining relevant objectives and instruments. Community members take responsibility for their health ( Community Based Health Care , CBHC) PHC and CBHC build primarily on existing resources and respect financial limitations of the community. In low income countries this will entail a re-allocation of health care resources towards basic curative health care and prevention 8
Primary Health Care Innovation PHC calls for a strict orientation of curative and preventive interventions towards the needs of the grass-root level. The higher levels of the health care pyramid are not excluded; but they are restricted to cases which cannot be treated on lower levels PHC is an integral element of the entire health care system PHC is always multi-sectoral, i.e., activities of PHC should be fully integrated in other sectors of human development (agriculture, education, water, ) 9
Comprehensive and Selective PHC GOBI-FFF: UNICEF, 1982 Bamako Initiative: UNICEF, 1987 Cairo conference on reproductive health and family planning (1994) Poverty Reduction WB, IMF, 1999 Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 2000 Global Fund 2001 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2015 10
1.3 Concepts 1 International Public Health 1.1 Background 1.2 Health and Development 1.3 Concepts 1.3.1 Prevention 1.3.2 Primary Health Care 1.3.3 Health Promotion 1.3.4 Recent Developments 11
