STEM Achievement Disparities Among Ethnicities and Genders
Explore the disparities in STEM achievement at A-levels based on ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Discover how different ethnic groups and genders fare in STEM subjects and their uptake. Uncover the socioeconomic gaps and how society can support young individuals in their transition to adulthood.
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Achievement and Uptake of STEM subjects at A level: Ethnicity, Gender and SES Presentation for the Royal Society Loic Menzies Director, LKMco cic. @LKMco With thanks to the Social Mobility Commission and Philip Nye, Education Datalab Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.ukv
1. There is an SES gap in achievement in STEM A levels and it's there for all ethnicities but less so for Pakistani/Bangladeshi pupils. 2. Unlike for other subjects, there is almost no gender gap in achievement when it comes to STEM A levels, but there is a big one in uptake - particularly among White British and White Other pupils. The gap is smaller amongst Black pupils and Other Asian pupils. Most STEM entries from Black pupils come from girls. This is because: - The gender gap is relatively narrow amongst this ethnic group (12% of girls A level entries are STEM cf. 15% of boys entries) - 56% of black pupils A level entries overall (all subjects) are from girls. 3. Only a small proportion of A level entries from White and Black students are for STEM subjects (13-14% of entries), compared to other ethnic groups (17-18% for Pakistani/Bangladeshi and 'Any other' and a whopping 28% for 'Other Asian). 4. The SES gap in uptake exists among all ethnic groups but is particularly wide amongst White British pupils*(6% of White British FSM pupils entries cf. 13% of non FSM pupils entries). *NB a far larger proportion of ethnic minority students are poor, both in terms of a larger proportion of them being FSM eligible and the 'non eligible' pupils tending to be poorer than white 'non eligible' pupils. You would therefore expect FSM and non FSM participation and achievement amongst ethnic minorities to be closer and for the ethnic group as a whole to perform more like its officially recognised 'disadvantaged pupils'. Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.ukv
1. Gender and attainment STEM APS per A level STEM entry 2014/15 (NPD) 250 200 150 Points 100 50 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Male average points per entry Female Average points per entry Achievement is broadly comparable and has been for a while (with a bit of convergence) Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
2. Ethnicity and achievement STEM APS Per STEM A level entry 2014/15 (NPD) 250 228 227 227 226 212 208 200 150 Points 100 50 0 White British Other white Black Pakistani or Bangladeshi Other Asian Any other Amongst those that take STEM A levels, achievement is comparable across ethnic groups except for Black and Pakistani/Bangladeshi. Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
3. SES and attainment APS per STEM A level entry by SES 2014/15 (NPD) 250 200 150 Points 100 50 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average FSM Average non FSM Even amongst the small subset of FSM pupils who take A levels and chose to take STEM subjects, achievement is lower. Consistently ~8% lower. Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
4. Ethnicity, gender and attainment STEM Attainment, Ethnicity and gender: KS5 APS per STEM A entry, 2014/5 (NPD) 250 200 150 Points 100 50 0 White British Other white Black Pakistani or Bangladeshi Other Asian Any other Poorest performing gender Male advantage Female advantage Gender gaps in attainment are consistently small amongst most ethnic groups though slightly larger amongst Pakistani/Bangladeshi and Other Asian Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
5. Gender, SES and attainment STEM Attainment, SES and gender: KS5 APS per STEM A entry, 2014/5 (NPD) 250 200 150 Points 100 50 0 FSM Non FSM Female APS Male advantage FSM males achieve 2% more highly than FSM females Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
6. Ethnicity, SES and attainment STEM Attainment by ethnicity and SES 2014/15 (NPD) 250 13 19 15 19 6 13 200 150 Points 215 212 212 209 207 100 198 50 0 White British Other white Black Pakistani or Bangladeshi Other Asian Any other FSM Gap The SES gap exists across all ethnic groups (6-8%) though it is narrower amongst Pakistani/Bangladeshi pupils (3%). Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
7. Gender and uptake of STEM subjects A level STEM entries as a proportion of entries by gender 2014/15 (NPD) Uptake of STEM A levels at KS5 100% 20% 90% 18% 80% 42% 43% 43% 43% 43% 43% 43% 44% 44% 16% 70% 14% 60% 12% 50% 10% 40% 8% 30% 58% 57% 57% 57% 57% 57% 57% 56% 56% 6% 20% 4% 10% 2% 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Female entries as proportion of all STEM entries Male Female Male entries as proportion of all STEM entries Well over half of STEM A level entries come from males, despite the fact that more than half of A level entries (for all subjects) are from females. Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
8. Ethnicity and uptake of STEM subjects A level STEM entries as proportion of ethnic groups' A level entries 2014/15 (NPD) 30% 28% 25% 20% 18% 17% 14% 15% 13% 13% 10% 5% 0% White British White other Black Pakistani/Bangladeshi Other Asian Any other White British, White other and black students enter STEM A levels at a low rate, particularly compared to Other Asian Students Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
9. Ethnicity, SES, gender and uptake of STEM subjects Gender gaps are large for each intersection but smallest for Other Asian and Black pupils Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
10. Ethnicity, gender and uptake of STEM subjects Proportion of STEM entries by ethnicity and gender 2014/5 (NPD) 100% 90% 80% 41% 42% 44% 46% 47% 51% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 59% 58% 56% 54% 53% 49% 20% 10% 0% White British White Other Black Pakistani/Bangladeshi Other Asian Any other Male Female Particularly high rates of A level participation amongst black girls relative to black boys mean that most STEM A level entries from black pupils actually come from black girls. Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
11. Ethnicity, SES and uptake of STEM subjects FSM and non FSM A level STEM entries as proportion of total entries by ethnicity 2014/15 (NPD) 6% White British 13% 11% White Other 15% 11% Black 14% 14% Pakistani/Bangladeshi 20% 19% Other Asian 28% 14% Any other 19% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% FSM Non FSM The SES gap in uptake of STEM subjects as proportion of A level entries (the SES skew) is by far the largest amongst White British pupils and much smaller amongst black pupils, but there is also a large gap amongst ethnic groups like Other Asian that take STEM subjects in large numbers Society should ensure that all children and young people receive the support they need in order to make a fulfilling transition to adulthood info@lkmco.org - +44(0)7793 370459 - @LKMco www.lkmco.org.uk
