Tumour Immunity and Antigens in Cancer
Explore the fascinating world of tumour immunity and antigens in cancer development. Learn how the immune system recognizes and fights tumour cells, as well as the mechanisms by which tumours evade immune surveillance. Discover the types of tumour antigens and their role in tumour-specific and tumour-associated immune responses.
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Presentation Transcript
TUMOUR IMMUNITY VPP VPP- -603 ANIMAL ONCOLOGY 603 DR. KAUSHAL KUMAR Assistant Professor & Head Department of Veterinary Pathology Bihar Veterinary College, BASU, Patna
Put on your thinking cap Can you be immune to cancer? Does immunity fight cancer? How do tumors evade immune system?
Introduction Cancer is a major health problem worldwide. The lethality of malignant tumors is due to their uncontrolled growth within normal tissues. Immuno-surveillance = Recognition and destruction of non-self tumour cells on their appearance, by the immune system. Cancer Incidence suggests that immune surveillance is imperfect. What are the mechanism involved in escaping such strict surveillance/policing?
Tumour Immunity . transformation results in expression of Malignant proteins that are treated as Non-self by immune system and HOST DEFENCE oncoproteins ie., recognition and destruction system deals with TUMOUR IMMUNITY. AGAINST such
Tumour Antigens Antigens that produces immune response are of two types: . 1. Tumour specific antigens and 1. tumor associated Antigens
Tumour Specific Antigens . Present exclusively on tumor cell only. Many chemically induced tumours expresses UNIQUE antigen which could not be shared by other histologically similar tumor induced by same chemical, even in the Same individual /animals. Their antigen also induce RESISTANCE to a tumor transplant=Tumour Specific Transplant Antigen (TSTA) The uniqueness of TSA you to random mutation in different set of normal genes which encode for onco-protein These Onco-protein complexes with MHC class 1 protein and forms a distinct tumor antigen which in turn evoke a different CD8+ T Cell response
Tumour Associated Antigens . These are not specific to individual tumors but also shared by some normal cells. TAA are NORMAL CELLS PROTEIN- they neither evoke immune response nor important in tumor rejection They are helpful in in tumor diagnosis and immunotherapy E.g., Onco-fetal antigen/ embryonic antigen such as Alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) are marker for some tumors
Anti-tumour Effector Mechanism Both CMI and humoral immunity/AMI have Anti-tuomour activity. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte -play protective role against virus induced neoplasm and experimentally induced tumor. N K Cells -First Line Of Defence against many tumors. -also participates in ADCC Macrophages: -Gamma interferon-macrophage activation-TNF/ free redical production- Tumor killing. Humoral Mechanism: - by activation of complement system - by induction of ADCC by NK cells
THANKS Reference: BOOK- A Textbook of Veterinary General Pathology. by J. L. Vegad
