Understanding Cartilage: Types and Characteristics
Explore the intricacies of cartilage, a specialized connective tissue comprising chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. Discover the differences between hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, their unique features, locations in the body, and structural components. Dive into the fascinating world of cartilage composition and functions.
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Presentation Transcript
CARTILAGE CARTILAGE IT IS A SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE. CARTILAGE CONSISTS OF 5% CELLS AND 95% EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. CELLS OF CARTILAGE ARE CALLED CHONDROCYTES. IT IS AN AVASCULAR STRUCTURE AND RECEIVES ITS NUTRITION BY DIFFUSION. CARTILAGE ARE EXTERNALLY SUPPORTED BY A FIBROCELLULAR COVERING CALLED PERICHONDRIUM(EXCEPT FIBROCARTILAGE). AVASCULAR CARTILAGE HAS VASCULAR CARTILAGE CANAL CONTAINING BLOOD VESSELS.THIS HAS BEEN PROVED BY MANY STUDIES.
HYALINE CARTILAGE HYALINE CARTILAGE HISTOLOGICALLY, HYALINE CARTILAGE HAS GLASS LIKE MATRIX. IT IS MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF CARTILAGE. LOCATIONS- ARE FETAL SKELETON,ARTICULAR CARTILAGE,NOSE CARTILAGE,COSTAL CARTILAGE,LARYNGEAL CARTILAGE(THYROID,CRICOID,ARYTENOID CARTILAGE). TRACHEA,AND BRONCHI,AND DEVELOPING BONE(EPIPHYSES). PERICHONDRIUM WITH FIBROBLASTS SURROUNDS THE CARTILAGE.THE INNER CHONDROGENIC LAYER PRODUCES CHONDROBLASTS THAT DIFFERENTIATE IN TO CHONDROCYTE.
CONT. CONT. CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE APPEAR EITHER SINGLE OR IN ISOGENOUS GROUP. LACUNAE AND CHONDROCYTES IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CARTILAGE PLATE ARE LARGE AND SPHERICAL BUT BECOME FLATTER TOWARD THE PERIPHERY, WHERE THESE CELLS ARE DIFFERENTIATING IN TO CHONDROBLASTS. THE INTER TERRITORIAL STAINS LIGHTER WHERE AS THE TERRITORIAL MATRIX AROUND THE LACUNAE STAINS DARKER.
ELASTIC CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE DIFFERS FROM HYALINE CARTILAGE BY THE PRESENCE OF NUMEROUS ELASTIC FIBRES IN ITS MATRIX. ELASTIC FIBRES ENTER THE CARTILAGE MATRIX FROM THE SURROUNDING CONNECTIVE TISSUE PERICHONDRIUM AND ARE DISTRIBUTED AS BRANCHING AND ANASTOMOSING FIBRES. AS IN HYALINE CARTILAGE,LARGER CHONDROCYTES IN THE LACUNAE ARE MORE PREVALENT IN THE INTERIOR OF THE PLATE. THE SMALLER AND FLATTER CHONDROCYTES ARE LOCATED PERIPHERALLY IN THE INNER CHONDROGENIC LAYER OF THE PERICHONDRIUM,FROM WHICH CHONDROBLASTS DEVELOP TO SYNTHESIZE THE CARTILAGE MATRIX. LOCATIONS- EXTERNAL EAR,EUSTACHIAN TUBE,EPIGLOTTIS AND A PORTION OF CUNEIFORM CARTILAGE.
FIBROCARTILAGE FIBROCARTILAGE THE FIBROCARTILAGE MATRIX IS FILLED WITH DENSE COLLAGEN FIBRES WHICH FREQUENTLY EXHIBITS PARALLEL ARRANGEMENTS,AS SEEN IN TENDONS. SMALL CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE ARE USUALLY DISTRIBUTED IN ROWS WITH IN THE FIBROUS CARTILAGE MATRIX,RATHER THAN AT RANDOM OR IN ISOGENOUS GROUP,AS IN HYALINE OR ELASTIC CARTILAGE. ALL CHONDROCYTES AND LACUNAE ARE OF SIMILAR SIZE. PERICHONDRIUM IS ABSENT BECAUSE FIBROUS CARTILAGE USUALLY FORMS A TRANSITIONAL AREA BETWEEN HYALINE CARTILAGE AND TENDON OR LIGAMENT.
BONE BONE BONE IS A SPECIAL TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONSISTING OF CELLS,FIBRES AND EXTRA CELLULAR MATRIX. IN CONTRAST TO CARTILAGE,MINERALS ACCUMULATE AND ARE DEPOSITED IN THE CARTILAGE MATRIX CAUSING CALCIFICATION OF THE DEVELOPING BONE. 99% OF BODY CALSIUM IS STORED IN BONES.
