Understanding Interest Rates, Loanable Funds, and Real vs. Nominal Rates
Explore the world of interest rates with insights on loanable funds, real vs. nominal interest rates, and examples to clarify concepts. Learn how inflation impacts interest rates and bond prices, and grasp the significance of differentiating between nominal and real rates.
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What Are Interest Rates? Kal Penn Explains | Mashable Have you ever found yourself trying to write a check from your savings account, or wondering why your checking account isn't collecting interest? Featuring: Kal Penn, Beth Stelling, Kevin Barnett MASHABLE ON YOUTUBE Subscribe to Mashable: http://on.mash.to/subscribe Playlist for 'Financed Explained with Kal Penn': https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSKUhDnoJjYmc6qg_xVNNVn09BGRVSos3 MASHABLE ACROSS THE WEB Mashable.com: http://on.mash.to/1hCcRpl Facebook: http://on.mash.to/1KkCTIP Twitter: http://on.mash.to/1Udp1kz Tumblr: http://on.mash.to/1NBBijY Instagram: http://on.mash.to/1U6D40z Google+: http://on.mash.to/1i27L5R Mashable is a leading global media company that informs, inspires and entertains the digital generation. MASHABLE ON YOUTUBE Subscribe to Mashable: http://on.mash.to/subscribe MASHABLE ACROSS THE WEB Mashable.com: http://on.mash.to/1hCcRpl Facebook: http://on.mash.to/1KkCTIP Twitter: http://on.mash.to/1Udp1kz Tumblr: http://on.mash.to/1NBBijY Instagram: http://on.mash.to/1U6D40z Google+: http://on.mash.to/1i27L5R Mashable is a leading global media company that informs, inspires and entertains the digital generation. 2
Nominal vs. Real Interest Rates 3
Interest Rates and Inflation What are interest rates? Why do lenders charge them? Who is willing to lend me $100 if I will pay a total interest rate of 100%? (I plan to pay you back in 2050) If the nominal interest rate is 10% and the inflation rate is 15%, how much is the REAL interest rate? Real Interest Rates- The percentage increase in purchasing power that a borrower pays. (adjusted for inflation) Real = nominal interest rate - expected inflation Nominal Interest Rates- the percentage increase in money that the borrower pays not adjusting for inflation. Nominal = Real interest rate + expected inflation
Nominal vs. Real Interest Rates Example #1: You lend out $100 with 20% interest. Inflation is 15%. A year later you get paid back $120. What is the nominal and what is the real interest rate? Nominal interest rate is 20%. Real interest rate was 5% In reality, you get paid back an amount with less purchasing power. Example #2: You lend out $100 with 10% interest. Prices are expected to increased 20%. In a year you get paid back $110. What is the nominal and what is the real interest rate? Nominal interest rate is 10%. Real rate was 10% In reality, you get paid back an amount with less purchasing power.
How do changes in the interest rate affect bond price? (What is a bond?) When you buy bonds, you can wait for them to mature or you can sell them off early. Assume you bought a bond at a 5% interest rate that will mature in 10 years. If the interest rates increases to 10%, will buyers be more or less interested in buying your bond? What will happen to the price of your bond? Borrowers would be less interested in your bond so the price would decrease. Interest rates and bond prices are inversely related! 6
So far we have only been looking at NOMINAL interest rates. What about REAL interest rates?
Loanable Funds Market 8
Loanable Funds Market Is a real interest rate of 50% good or bad? Bad for borrowers but good for lenders The loanable funds market is the private sector supply and demand of loans. This market shows the effect on REAL INTEREST RATE Demand- Inverse relationship between real interest rate and quantity loans demanded Supply- Direct relationship between real interest rate and quantity loans supplied This is NOT the same as the money market. (supply is not vertical) 9
Loanable Funds Market At the equilibrium real interest rate the amount borrowers want to borrow equals the amount lenders want to lend. Real Interest Rate SLenders re DBorrowers QLoans Quantity of Loans 10
Loanable Funds Market Example: The Gov t increases deficit spending? Government borrows from private sector Increasing the demand for loans Real Interest Rate SLenders Real interest rates increase causing crowding out!! r1 re D1 DBorrowers QLoans Q1 Quantity of Loans 11
Loanable Funds Market Demand Shifters Supply Shifters 1. Changes in perceived business opportunities 2. Changes in government borrowing Budget Deficit Budget Surplus 1. Changes in private savings behavior 2. Changes in public savings 3. Changes in foreign investment 4. Changes in expected profitability 12
