Crustal Structure of Solids: A Detailed Overview
This content delves into the crystal structure of solids, focusing on semiconductor properties, unit cells, lattice systems, principal metal crystal structures, and Miller indices. It covers basic definitions, types of crystal structures, and the importance of Miller indices in materials science.
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Presentation Transcript
Physical Physical Electronics Electronics lecture-4 Crustal structure of Solids Dr. Suha I. Al- Nassar
Crustal structure of Solids The semiconductor is in general a single-crystal material. The electrical properties of a single- crystal material are determined not only by the chemical composition but also by the arrangement of atoms in the solid The crystal structure of a material (the arrangement of atoms within a given type of crystal) can be described in terms of its unit cell. The unit cell is a small box containing one or more atoms arranged in 3-dimensions. The unit cells stacked in three-dimensional space describe the bulk arrangement of atoms of the crystal. The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges (a,b and c) and the angles between them (alpha, beta and gamma)
Some Basic Definitions: Crystal: it is a solid composed of atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a pattern that is repeated in three dimensions . Lattice The periodic arrangement of atoms in the crystal. Unit cell: The smallest component of the crystal which repeating unit of the lattice. Lattice systems These lattice systems are a grouping of crystal structures according to the axial system used to describe their lattice. Each lattice system consists of a set of three axes in a particular geometric arrangement. There are seven lattice systems,
Principal Metal Crystal Structures There are three main types of crystal structure The simple cubic cell (primitive cubic) is the simplest unit cell and has structural particles centered only at its corners. The body-centered cubic (bcc) structure has an additional structural particle at the center of the cube. The face-centered cubic (fcc) structure has an additional atoms on each face plane.
Importance of Miller Indices In Materials Science it is important to have a notation system for atomic planes since these planes influence Optical properties Reactivity Surface tension Dislocations
