Epistaxis: Causes, Types, and Management
Bleeding from the nose, known as epistaxis, is a common condition affecting all age groups. Learn about its causes, types, symptoms, complications, and diagnostic evaluation for effective management.
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Presentation Transcript
EPISTAXIS PRESENTED BY- MISS ADITI JANE (LECTURER) IIMT COLLEGE OF NURSING IIMT UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION Bleeding from inside the nose is called epistaxis Common and seen in all age groups Epistaxis refers to nose bleeding or haemorrhage from the nose. It is mostly commonly originates in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity.
DEFINITION A haemorrhage from the nose, referred to as epistaxis is caused by the rupture of tiny, distended vessels in the mucous membrane of any area of nose.
TYPES ANTERIOR (most common and less severe and easy to control) POSTERIOR ( less common more severe and difficult to control)
CAUSES Congenital Injury to nose Hot environment T.B.
Chronic rhinitis Sinusitis Nasal cancer Trauma infection
Inhalation of illicit drugs Cardiovascular diseases Nasal tumours Deviated nasal septum
COMPLICATION Rhinitis Otitis media Shock Maxillary and frontal sinusitis
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection Amount of blood loss Duration of blood loss Medication history Side of nose where bleeding occur
Inspection with nasal speculum to determine site of bleeding Lab investigations
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Bleeding from nose If patient swallow blood, then blood comes out through vomiting Fresh bright and red blood Unconsciousness in case of severe bleeding
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Instruct the patient to compress the soft part of nose with index finger and thumb for 5-10 minutes to maintain pressure on the nasal septum. A coated pledge soaked with a vasoconstricting agent may be inserted into each nostril. Cold nasal packing apply In condition of high BP advice patient to open mouth and sit upright with forward head down position, avoid accumulation
NURSING MANAGEMENT Provide vitamin C and vitamin K orally Check BP, pulse, respiratory rate HB test should be done Provide complete bed rest Maintain fluid electrolyte balance Antibiotics therapy Maintain suitable environment to patient.
