Introduction to Linux System and File Management

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This content covers various aspects of Linux, including its origins, usage, file system structure, permissions, and directory management. It explores topics such as the Linux operating system, user permissions, file attributes, directory structure, absolute and relative paths, and graphical user interfaces. By delving into these fundamental concepts, users can gain a comprehensive understanding of Linux systems and how to effectively manage files and directories.

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Linux Seminar by noname

System SW Manage HW resources Provide a platform for applications Windows, Linux, Mac OS , iOS, Android, DOS, Operating System?

OS Made by Linus Torvalds Inspired by Unix Debian, CentOS, Ubuntu, Fedora, Redhat Linux, Gentoo, Arch, Suse, Slackware, Mandriva, PintOS, Linux?

Custom Free (in some sense) Open source Supports multiple users Has compatibility with Unix-like OSs Why do we use Linux?

Normal users Root Sudoers In SPARCS? presparcs group sparcs group wheel group User & Group

Actually, both of them are files Directory contains files If filename starts with . Hidden . .. File & Directory

File Directory See the list of files in the directory Read Read the file Create the file, Delete the file, or Rename the file in the directory Write Write to the file eXecute Execute the file Get into the directory Permission

Three permission levels for each file Owner(User) Owner(Group) Others Slice it! rwxrwxrwx r-xr--rw- Permission

Tree structure / /home /home/noname /etc /root /bin ~/ ~noname/ ~/public_html/ Directory Structure

Absolute path /usr/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/ Relative path public_html/crazy.png Working directory Path

GUI Gnome, KDE, CUI Terminal Interface

Some kind of command line on terminal Interacts with users bash, sh, tcsh, ash, zsh, rc, bashrc Shell

Secure Shell Protocol (in some cases, a program) Default port number for ssh is 22 Opens terminal ssh

Program Supports connection via ssh/telnet Simple & Easy, but convenient Google putty or http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ Putty

Putty

Putty

Putty

Basic Format [command] [arg1] [arg2] Commands

ls ls [path] ls a ls l ls al ls a l ls -lh cd cd [path] Commands

pwd rm [path] rm f [path] rm r [path] rm rf [path] rm rf / Commands

mkdir [path] rmdir [path] cat [path1] [path2] cat n [path1] [path2] Commands

cp [source1] [source2] [source3] [destination] cp -r [source1] [source2] [source3] [destination] mv [source1] [source2] [source3] [destination] Commands

more [path] less [path] less > more Commands

passwd passwd [username] ps ps aux top Commands

wget [URL] ssh sparcs.org ssh noname@sparcs.org scp noname@sparcs.org:~/public_html/siva.png ./kill/ scp r ./kill/ root@bit.sparcs.org:~/ Commands

wc [path1] [path2] grep [word] [path] grep .txt grep R [word] [path] egrep Commands

chmod 744 [path] chmod 512 [path] chmod R 777 [path] Commands

tar zxvf [path] tar zcvf [destination] [path1] [path2] tar xvf [path] tar cvf [destination] [path1] [path2] Commands

df df -h kill [pid] Commands

man [command] Commands

E way edo jonna manayo ln, chown, su, sudo, fg, bg, jobs, echo, export, killall, skill, nohup, shutdown, reboot, wall, yes, chsh, man, apropos, umask, chroot, clear, Commands

? for one character * for undecided number of characters It works for all matching files Wildcard Character

[command1] | [command2] | [command3] | ls al | egrep ^d ls al | egrep ^d | wc [command] > [path] [command] < [path] [command] >> [path] [command] 2> [path] Pipe & Redirection