NZPIF Monthly Update September 2021: Business Partner Update & AGM Details
Updates from NZPIF for September 2021 include a new business partner, options for conference refunds, details about the upcoming AGM, notice of motion for fee increase, and more.
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Bio 101 Chapter 1: The chemistry of organic molecule
Lesson NO 1 The Chemistry of Organic Molecules Organic Molecules Amolecule of the kind normally found in living systems. There are only 4 classes of organic compounds in any living thing : 1- Carbohydrates 2- Lipids 3- Proteins 4- Nucleic acids
Lesson NO 1 1- Carbohydrates Have C : H : O ratio 1:2:1 (CnH2nOn) 1- Monosaccharaides 2- Disaccharides 3- Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates Lesson NO 1 1- Monosaccharaides Consisting of only a single sugar molecule, are called simple sugars Function of Monosacchararides Glucose is borken down during cellular respiration and produces ATP molecules (ATP is a highly energy molecule) Pentose 5 carbon atoms Ex: Ribose & Deoxyribose Hexoses 6 carbon atoms Ex: Glucose Fructose and Galactose (C6H12O6) Ribose and Deoxyribose are found in the nucleic acids (RNA & DNA)
Carbohydrates Lesson NO 1 2- Disaccharides Maltose Contains two monosaccharaides that have joined during a dehydration reaction Ex: - Maltose formed form two glucose monomers (Glucose + Glucose) Sucrose - Sucrose forms from (Glucose + fructose), It is extracted from sugarcane or sugar beet - Lactose is found in milk (Glucose + Galactose)
Carbohydrates Lesson NO 1 3- Polysaccharides Are polymers of monosaccharides Some types of polysaccharides function as short-term energy strong molecules . The polysaccharide is broken down to release sugar molecules 1- Energy Storage Molecules Storage Molecules Starch : Plant store glucose Ex: (Potatose, corn and rice ) Storage Molecules Glycogen : Animals store glucose Most of our glycogen is stored in our liver and muscle cells. 2- Structural Molecules Structural Molecules Structural Molecules Chitin : is found in fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of crabs and related animals Ex: insects and scorpions Cellulose : structural polysaccharides in plants (encloses plant cells)
Lesson NO 1 2- Lipids Fats and Oil contain two types of subunit molecules : fatty acids and glycerol. Insoluble in water (Hydrophobic) Why ???? For energy storage Most of fatty acids in cells contain 16 or 18 carbo atoms per molecule Fatty acids are either - - - - Or 1 - Saturated fatty acids Single bonds between the carbon atoms Solid Most animal fats Ex: butter and beef ! The fatty material accumulates inside the lining of blood vessels and blocks blood flow 2- Unsaturated fatty acids Have double bonds in the carbon chain Liquid = plant oils Ex: Corn oil, Olive oil and other vegetable oil Why ?????? Saturated fats may contribute to Cardiovascular disease Because
2- Lipids Lesson NO 1 3- Phospholipids In cell membranes 4- Steroids Have skeletons of four fused carbon rings Ex: Cholesterol Is the precursor of several other steroids such as the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen
Lesson NO 1 2- Lipids 4- Waxes - Are a type of lipid - Are solid at normal temperatures ????? Why Because they have a high melting point Ex Fruits are protected by a waxy coating that is visible on these plums Bees Wax
Lesson NO 1 3- Proteins Subunit of proteins = Amino acids H Amino Groupe Acid Groupe - - - - - A protien is formed of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds Proteins are important to the structures of cells and organisms The most important role for proteins is as enzymes Hemoglobin is a transport protein that transports O2 There are 20 buliding blocks Ex: Glycine, Serine and Cysteine H2N COOH R = Amino Groupe + + H2O amino acid amino acid dipeptide
4- Nucleic Acids Lesson NO 1 DNA RNA
